Paradiagoniella conica

锥形似斜纹海绵

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分类学

门: 多孔动物门

纲: 六射海绵纲

目:网针海绵目

科: 原始海绵科

属:似斜纹海绵属

种: 锥形似斜纹海绵

描述:

       海绵长锥形,基部尖。体壁薄,六射针、十字骨针与单轴双尖针穿插排列形成网状骨骼。十字骨针分级不明显,两对针射长度一致。单轴针大体成两个方向,一组与海绵体长轴平行,一组与体轴斜交。无弯形单轴针。海绵体光滑,没有标志的边缘骨针或者突出骨针,具根须。

       海绵体高44mm,宽15mm,呈长锥形。底部尖并向顶部逐渐变宽,在出水口部收缩,有长的单轴针在口部出露,长2.3~4.8mm,直径0.044~0.05mm,可能是口须。海绵体基部由长的单轴针延伸并且末端汇集在一起形成尖形,可能是根须。

       最大骨针为正交三轴六射骨针,周缘十字针与其交叉排列呈方形网状。六射针的排列与体轴方向一致,平面上四个射射长相等,射长1.1mm,基部直径0.028mm。

       十字骨针光滑无装饰,针射末端尖锐。十字骨针针射长度相近。十字骨针分级明显,有两个排列方向,主要的一组与体轴平行,另一组约45度倾斜。水平一组针尖有的相连并有重叠,倾斜一组与水平方向的骨针斜交。十字骨针根据出露的部分测量,大致有三个级别,一级射长1.2~1.5mm,基部直径0.038~0.04mm;二级射长0.6~0.8mm,基部直径0.035~0.038mm;三级射长0.3~0.4mm,基部直径0.025~0.03mm。

       双尖形单轴针大致沿两个方向排列,一组与海绵体体轴小角度斜交,一组与体轴长轴平行。根据长度,大致有两组,斜交一组略长,长度4.2~6.5mm,直径0.06~0.09mm,近似平行的一组长1.5~2.7mm,直径0.04~0.05mm。

       根须明显,4 根纵向单轴针略有弯曲,长4.9~5.8mm,直径0.03~0.04mm。延伸出海绵体基部约2mm。


Taxonomy

Phylum: Porifera Grant,1836

Class: Hexactinellida Schmidt , 1870

Order: Reticulosa Reid , 1958

Family: Protospongiidae Hinde , 1887

Genus: Paradiagoniella Chen, Muller, Hou and xiao , 2014 

Specie: Paradiagoniella conica , Chen and Hou , 2019

Description: 

It is long conical and has a sharp base. The body wall is thin, and hexactines, stauractines and diactines are interspersed to form a reticular skeleton. The grade of stauractines is not obvious, and the ray length of the two pairs of stauractines is same. Diactines are generally in two directions: one group is parallel to the long axis of the cavernous body and the other is oblique to the body axis. The cavernous body is smooth with roots, but without marked dermalia-spicules.

The whole body is 44mm high and 15mm wide, in a long cone. The bottom is sharp and gradually widens to the top, shrinks at the water outlet, and  long diactines are exposed at the mouth, with a length of 2.3 ~ 4.8mm and a diameter of 0.044 ~ 0.050mm, which may be the prostalia marginalia. The base of the cavernous body is extended by long diactines and the ends are gathered together to form a sharp shape, possibly the prostalia basalia.

The largest spicules are hexactines, and the peripheral stauractines are arranged in a square network. The arrangement of the hexactines is consistent with the direction of the body axis. Lengths of the four rays on the plane are equal, with a ray length of 1.1mm and a base diameter of 0.028mm.

The stauractines are smooth without decoration, and the end of the ray is sharp. The length of the cross stauractines is similar. The grade of stauractines is obvious, with two arrangement directions. The main group is parallel to the body axis, and the other group is inclined at about 45 degrees. Some of the ray tips of the horizontal group are connected and overlapped, and the inclined group is oblique to the spicules in the horizontal direction. According to the measurement of the exposed part, the stauractines has roughly three levels. The first level has a ray length of 1.2 ~ 1.5mm and a base diameter of 0.038 ~ 0.040mm; The secondary ray length is 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, and the base diameter is 0.035 ~ 0.038mm; The three-stage ray length is 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, and the base diameter is 0.025 ~ 0.030mm.

The diactines are roughly arranged in two directions, one group is obliquely intersected with the body axis of the cavernous body at a small angle, and the other group is parallel to the long axis of the body axis. According to the length, there are roughly two groups. 

The skew group is slightly longer, with a length of 4.2 ~ 6.5mm and a diameter of 0.060 ~ 0.090mm. The approximately parallel group has a length of 1.5 ~ 2.7mm and a diameter of 0.040 ~ 0.050mm.

The prostalia basalias are obvious, and the four longitudinal diactines are slightly bent, with a length of 4.9 ~ 5.8mm and a diameter of 0.039 ~ 0.041mm, which extends to the base of the sponge body for about 2mm.



年龄和产地

年龄:寒武纪第二世第三阶

主要产地: 澄江生物群(云南澄江)

Age & Localities

Age: Cambrian Series2, Stage3

Principal localities: Chengjiang biota (Yu’anshan Member of the Chiungchussu Formation),eastern Yunan Province,China

Reference:

马海丹等.云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始海绵科似斜纹海绵属新种[J].地质学报,2019,93(11):2715 2728.DOI:10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2019263.


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